![]() ![]() It can be helpful to know which line number your search results appear on. Grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo 4.Display the line numbers of each match For instance, if I want to know how many processors are in my system I could type: You can do some clever things with this switch. This is performed using the -c (count) switch: You may not want to actually see the output of the grep command but have it tell you how many matches your search found. This command permits you to check for multiple words in a file – note the use of the single quotes, the backslash and the pipe command between them:Īpr 2 03:45:07 smatteso-vm1 sshd: Connection closed by 10.1.7.101Īpr 2 03:46:42 smatteso-vm1 su: pam_unix(su-l:session): session opened for user phxinst1 by (uid=0)Īpr 2 03:46:45 smatteso-vm1 su: pam_unix(su-l:session): session closed for user phxinst1Īpr 2 03:46:45 smatteso-vm1 su: pam_unix(su-l:session): session opened for user phxinst1 by (uid=0) Open source: Must-read coverageĦ Best Linux project management software in 2023Ħ best open-source kanban boards for managing projects in 2023Ħ Best Free Alternatives to Microsoft Word (2023 Update) In the example above this would return the lowercase “failure,” uppercase “FAILURE” or any combination thereof, such as “Failure.”. grep -i) to conduct a case insensitive search. This is an example of what grep might then return:Īpr 4 06:45:29 smatteso-vm1 sshd: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost= user=8boa5lv2rn8pso8Īpr 4 06:45:31 smatteso-vm1 sshd: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost= user=13hr26mnm8wo4kĪdd the -i switch (e.g. Let’s say I want to inspect the contents of the /var/log/secure log for any instances of a failure. This is really one of the most elementary uses for grep. Here are 10 examples to help sharpen your skills. The options and patterns you can use with grep are varied and diverse. I’ll focus on regular grep for the purpose of this article, which is intended as a beginning tutorial for this handy and reliable command. The latter two have different methods for working with characters and search strings. ![]() There are multiple versions of grep plain regular grep, egrep (extended grep) and fgrep (fixed prep). Windows search is not without certain charms, but when I need to find files or their contents, or search for specific system information, the grep command in Linux never ceases to amaze me through its power and versatility. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Infection: Dichotomous qualitative variable: yes/no. The time invested in each visit will be recorded until it is healed. Time invested by the professional: Discrete quantitative variable expressed in minutes.For the monitoring of this variable, in the follow-up visits, the state of scarring will be evaluated and if it is already healed, it will be asked on what day prior to the visit, the lesion did not need any special cure and lacked non-viable tissue. It will be the moment when it does not require any cure and lacks non-viable tissue (the days in the remodeling phase in which the participant uses skin care such as moisturizing, sun protection. It will be considered 'healing' when the lesion has concluded the phases of inflammation and granulation/epithelialization. Healing time: Discrete quantitative variable expressed in days.Apart from the price for the minor surgery visit of the different approaches, the price of the follow-up visits has been calculated in case of prolonged healing time of the lesion or the appearance of complications (infection or non-viable tissue.). The standardized cost of each of the interventions has been calculated according to the different techniques for approaching skin tag, from the prices published in DOGC 6326 of 1 March 2013 Resolution SLT/353/2013 of 13 February on the review of public price corresponding to the health services provided by the Institut Català de la Salut. The cost will include the performance of the technique in the first minor surgery visit, the post-surgical cures and the follow-up visits. Cost: Continuous quantitative variable, expressed in euros.To be able to study if the results obtained are independent of the variable of suffering from DM. There are studies that relate insulin resistance with the presence or not of skin tags 37, 38. According to conditioning factors and problems in the clinical history and interview with the participant. Diabetes Dichotomous qualitative variable: yes/no.Qualitative variable categorized in 6 items: Trunk/ armpit/ neck/ inguinal/ upper extremity/ lower extremity. According to the interview with the participant, the family history of first and second degree skin tags will be considered. Dichotomous qualitative variable: yes/no. Age: Discrete quantitative variable in years from the date of birth included in the clinical history.Sex: Dichotomous qualitative variable: woman/man.Procedure: Traditional method: Electrosurgery Procedure: Traditional method: Cryotherapy Procedure: Traditional method: Silver nitrate Procedure: Moist healing environment method Therefore, it can show us which treatment leads to fewer complications for the patient and which is more cost-efficient for the health system. By contrast, more complications are expected in the techniques of cryotherapy and silver nitrate.Īpplicability / Relevance: it is a common pathology usually treated in the minor surgery office or routine visit. ![]() The objective of this trial is to compare the traditional healing with the moist healing environment in minor surgery, analyzing costs, time invested by the professional, healing time and their respective complications.Įxpected results: faster healing and lower cost are expected with the new technique. Therefore, the investigators propose the surgical exeresis of the fibroid in the most proximal part of the pendulum with the subsequent placement of a thin hydrocolloid dressing. This randomized clinical trial proposes its extraction with a non before referenced technique in the manuals of minor surgery and that is nowadays applied with very good outcomes in the domain of pressure ulcers, chronic wounds and, in recent years, in acute wounds the moist healing environment. In the minor surgery guidelines, their extraction is recommended with cryotherapy, electrocoagulation or shaving with cauterization of silver nitrate (traditional healing techniques). Their exeresis is indicated in case of discomfort of the affected person (usually because of friction or increase in size). Skin tags are a benign dermal disease very frequent in the general population. Why Should I Register and Submit Results?. ![]() ![]() ![]() Some let you specify the amount of space between components. Three factors influence the amount of space between visible components in a container: The layout manager Some layout managers automatically put space between components others do not. You can find examples of setting the alignment in How to Use BoxLayout. Although most layout managers ignore alignment hints, BoxLayout honors them. You set alignment hints either by invoking the component's setAlignmentX and setAlignmentY methods, or by overriding the component's getAlignmentX and getAlignmentY methods. For example, you can specify that the top edges of two components should be aligned. Furthermore, GroupLayout provides the ability to set the minimum, preferred or maximum size explicitly, without touching the component.īesides providing size hints, you can also provide alignment hints. Many layout managers do not pay attention to a component's requested maximum size. Here is an example of making a component's maximum size unlimited:ĬtMaximumSize(new Dimension(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Or you can create a subclass of the component that overrides the appropriate getter methods getMinimumSize, getPreferredSize, and getMaximumSize. You can invoke the component's methods for setting size hints setMinimumSize, setPreferredSize, and setMaximumSize. You can do this by specifying one or more of the minimum, preferred, and maximum sizes of the component. Sometimes you need to customize the size hints that a component provides to its container's layout manager, so that the component will be laid out well. You can find the component how-to pages using (For the curious: scroll panes happen to use a layout manager named ScrollPaneLayout.)įor information about how to add components to a specific container, see the how-to page for the container. ![]() Because of specialized API like this, you do not need to know which layout manager (if any) many Swing containers use. Scroll pane (or, actually, to its viewport), you either specify the component in the JScrollPane constructor or use setViewportView. For example, instead of adding a component directly to a Swing containers other than JPanel and content panes generally provide API that you should use instead of the add method. Many layout managers, however, simply place components based on the order they were added to their container. Some layout managers, such as GridBagLayout and SpringLayout, require elaborate setup procedures. The how-to section for each layout manager has details on what, if any, arguments you need to specify to the add method. Pane.add(aComponent, BorderLayout.PAGE_START) For example, BorderLayout requires that you specify the area to which the component should be added (using one of the constants defined in BorderLayout) using code like this: In fact, some layout managers do not even require you to add the component explicitly for example, GroupLayout. When you add components to a panel or content pane, the arguments you specify to the add method depend on the layout manager that the panel or content pane is using. It also does not adjust well to differences between users and systems, such as different font sizes and One drawback of absolute positioning is that it does not adjust well when the top-level container is resized. With this strategy, called absolute positioning, you must specify the size and position of every component within that container. By setting a container's layout property to null, you make the container use no layout manager. For example:Ĭontainer contentPane = frame.getContentPane() Īlthough we strongly recommend that you use layout managers, you can perform layout without them. You can set a panel's layout manager using the JPanel constructor. Again, you should use an appropriate tool to do this, rather than coding the manager by hand. ![]() Any real application will need to reset the layout manager. However, unless you are using JToolBar, the FlowLayout and BorderLayout managers are only useful for prototyping. If you do not like the default layout manager that a panel or content pane uses, you are free to change it to a different one. Content panes use BorderLayout by default. ![]() Each JPanel object is initialized to use a FlowLayout, unless you specify differently when creating the JPanel. This section discusses some of the common tasks related to using layout managers:Īs a rule, the only containers whose layout managers you need to worry about areĬontent panes. If you are interested in using JavaFX to create your GUI, see Otherwise, if you want to code by hand and do not want to use GroupLayout, then GridBagLayout is recommended as the next most flexible and powerful layout manager. If you are not interested in learning all the details of layout management, you might prefer to use the GroupLayout layout manager combined with a builder tool to lay out your GUI. Note: This lesson covers writing layout code by hand, which can be challenging. ![]() ![]() There are several online tools available for free which can help with this process (e.g., Zamzar).Ĥ. You may be able to convert the PDF into another compatible format and then try opening it again on your device. If the file type you are trying to open is not listed as a supported file type, then it may not be possible to open it on your Samsung phone.ģ. Check your device’s specifications in the user manual or on your device’s website to check what types of files are supported.Ģ. In order to determine if this is the case, I recommend following these steps:ġ. It is possible that the PDF you are trying to open is not supported by your Samsung phone. Why can’t I open a PDF on my Samsung phone? In this case I recommend running a full system scan using trusted anti-virus software such as Avast or Malwarebytes. Also make sure that your operating system (Windows/Mac OS) is up-to-date as certain versions may not support newer features in PDF files or viewers.įinally, if none of these steps help to resolve your issue, it could be related to a virus/malware infection on your computer which may interfere with opening certain types of files like PDFs. In this case, I suggest checking if you have the most recent version of Adobe Reader installed. If the file does open on another device or different software, then it’s likely something related to your current computer setup. If you need assistance finding an alternative PDF viewer, I suggest searching online for options. You can do this by trying to open the same file on another device, or with a different PDF viewer software. ![]() The first step would be to check that the file was saved correctly and is not corrupted. There are a few possible reasons why you might be unable to open PDF files. If you are having difficulty opening a specific file, make sure the file is in fact a PDF by double-checking its extension (it should end in. Once you have selected the app of your choice and installed it on your device, you should be able to open any PDF files that you receive. There are many different versions available for both iOS and Android devices. ![]() To get your phone to open PDF files, you will need to install a PDF reader app. Why is my PDF not opening on my phone? How can I get my phone to open PDF files? While Adobe Acrobat Reader allows you to make basic edits like adding comments or filling out forms, more advanced editing options require a paid subscription to Adobe Acrobat DC. To edit PDF files, you typically need specialized software. Simply drag and drop the PDF file into a new tab in Google Chrome, and it should open automatically.
![]() ![]() 2020 134:110242.Ībbas F, Ali HM, Shah TR, Babar H, Janjua MM, Sajjad U, Amer M. An updated review on application of nanofluids in flat tubes radiators for improving cooling performance. Turbulent forced convection and entropy production of a nanofluid in a solar collector considering various shapes for nanoparticles. Influence of particle size on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids: a critical review. Sonication time efficacy on Fe 3O 4-liquid paraffin magnetic nanofluid thermal conductivity: an experimental evaluation. ![]() A review of thermal conductivity of various nanofluids. Solid–liquid interfacial surface area (m 2) \(\)Īhmadi MH, Mirlohi A, Nazari MA, Ghasempour R. Moreover, it was demonstrated that friction is the main source of entropy generation in the flow, and the second-law performance of the heatsink with plain inlet is better than that of heatsink with rifled inlet. In addition, it was revealed that rifling the inlet tube of heatsink entails a 4.26–21.79% decrement in the thermal entropy and a 9.90–110.97% increase in the frictional entropy. The overall hydrothermal performance of the heatsink with rifled inlet was found to be 1.073–1.541 times higher than that of heatsink with plain inlet. The considered range for nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number was 0–1% and 5000–20,000, respectively. The water/silver nanofluid was utilized as coolant, where the effects of nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number were the operational variables considered, while the effect of rifling the inlet tube of coolant was a structural parameter investigated. Operational and structural modifications were numerically investigated in an effort to improve the performance of a liquid-cooled heatsink. ![]() ![]() ![]() He recorded averages of 21.9 points, 6.4 rebounds, 2.7 assists, 1.4 blocks, and 1.1 steals per game and was named to the All-Summer League Second Team that year. ĭuring the seven games he played for the Lakers (starting in six of the games) in the 2017 NBA Summer League, Kuzma led the team in points scored and became a consistent presence during the event. On July 3, 2017, he signed his rookie scale contract with the Lakers. Prior to the draft, Kuzma had been projected to go in the second round. ![]() In a draft-day trade, he was dealt along with Brook Lopez to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for D'Angelo Russell and Timofey Mozgov. Kuzma was selected with the 27th overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft by the Brooklyn Nets. Professional career Los Angeles Lakers (2017–2021) Kuzma graduated from the University of Utah with a degree in sociology. After the season, Kuzma decided to enter the 2017 NBA draft, foregoing his final year of college basketball eligibility. As a junior in 2016–17, he averaged 16.4 points, 9.3 rebounds, and 2.4 assists per game, which earned him first-team All-Pac-12 honors. He became a starter for the Utes in his sophomore year, when he averaged 10.8 points per game. He redshirted his freshman year due to the fact that he signed late. Kuzma enrolled at the University of Utah in 2013. Kuzma received offers to play with Division I schools including Connecticut, Iowa State, Tennessee, and Missouri, among others, before deciding on the University of Utah. As a high school senior at Rise Academy, Kuzma averaged 22 points and seven rebounds per game. Kuzma sent tapes of his shooting at the YMCA to preparatory schools Vin Sparacio, head coach at Rise Academy in Philadelphia, saw a 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m), 175 lb (79 kilograms), raw player who had a great feel for the game, and immediately brought him in. Kuzma attended Swartz Creek Community Schools and transferred to Bentley High School in Michigan, where he averaged 17.9 points, 14.4 rebounds, 3.8 assists and 3.4 blocks per game as a junior. Kuzma has described Flint as "a really violent place there's a lot of temptation to get into the streets." However, Kuzma described basketball as his "safe haven". ![]() Karri Kuzma and Smith put a toy basketball rim in the living room for Kyle when he was only two years old, thus igniting his passion for basketball. ![]() Kuzma met his father only once as an infant, but viewed the father of his half-siblings, Larry Smith, as a father figure. He has a younger half-brother named Andre and a younger half-sister named Briana. Raised in the Flint, Michigan area, Kuzma is the son of Karri Kuzma, a high school shot put champion who attended college on a track scholarship. He won an NBA championship with the Lakers in 2020 before being traded to the Wizards in 2021. Kuzma was selected in the first round of the 2017 NBA draft with the 27th overall pick, and he was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team with the Los Angeles Lakers in 2018. He played college basketball for the Utah Utes and was named first-team all-conference in the Pac-12 as a junior in 2016–17. Kyle Alexander Kuzma (born July 24, 1995) is an American professional basketball player for the Washington Wizards of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Kuzma with the Washington Wizards in 2022 ![]() ![]() ![]() Support for ChromeOS devices launched after 2019, such as Chromebooks, Chromebases, Chromeboxes, and tablets that can run Android apps and are within their Auto Update Expiration date. For development: Android SDK (12/API 31), Android NDK (r23b) and OpenJDK (11), which are installed by default with Unity Hub. With the exception of Android for ChromeOS, Android within a container or emulator isn’t supported. Hardware must be running Android OS natively. Supported hardware devices must meet or exceed Google’s Android Compatibility Definition ( Version 9.0) limited to the following Device Types: Note: OpenGL ES 2.0 support is deprecated. R89+ on stable release channel (Android API 28+)ĪRMv7 with Neon Support (32-bit and 64-bit) or ARM64 Actual performance and rendering quality might vary depending on the complexity of your project.Ĭustomized versions of Android must include all supported Google standard APIs. This section lists the minimum requirements to build and run the Unity Player. For more information, refer to the Troubleshooting Linux Editor issues page. For example, run ulimit -n 4096 in the terminal before launching the Editor. If the Editor generates a Pipe error ! message, you must increase the maximum open file limit in your current Editor session.Video importing is limited to the VP8 video format.The Linux Editor has the following limitations: More info See in Glossary or import from SketchUp. The native Apple silicon Editor doesn’t support the CPU lightmapper A tool in Unity that bakes lightmaps according to the arrangement of lights and geometry in your scene.If you’re using Hub 2.4.5 and wish to use the Apple silicon Editor: uninstall the Apple Intel version, download and run the standalone installer for Unity Editor (Apple silicon) from, and locate it through the Hub.To switch to the latest beta version of the Hub, change the “Channel” in Preferences > Advanced to “Beta” or re-download from.For more information, refer to the Hub release notes: Download and install of Apple silicon Editor via the Unity Hub is only possible through Hub version 3.0 Beta 6 or later, with some limitations in 3.0 Beta 6.The Apple silicon Editor has the following limitations: On macOS, secondary Editor windows only maximize, and don’t enter full screen mode. Other configuration and user environment as provided stock with the supported distribution (Kernel, Compositor, etc.)įor all operating systems, the Unity Editor is supported on workstations or laptop form factors, running without emulation, container or compatibility layer. Gnome desktop environment running on top of X11 windowing system, Nvidia official proprietary graphics driver or AMD Mesa graphics driver. Rosetta 2 is required for Apple silicon devices running on either Apple silicon or Intel versions of the Unity Editor. Hardware vendor officially supported driversĪpple officially supported drivers (Intel processor) OpenGL 3.2+ or Vulkan-capable, Nvidia and AMD GPUs. X64 architecture with SSE2 instruction set support (Intel processors)Īpple M1 or above (Apple silicon-based processors) ![]() X64 architecture with SSE2 instruction set support Windows 7 (SP1+), Windows 10 and Windows 11, 64-bit versions only. ![]() Actual performance and rendering quality might vary depending on the complexity of your project. This section lists the minimum requirements to run the Unity Editor.
![]() ![]() Luckily, Isaac only has to grab one Navigation Card and briefly pass through this Block before he returns to the Commons Lobby.Ĭonnected to the Commons Lobby by a restroom, the Zero-G Basketball is an optional sport for Isaac to partake in. This block has been breached and is therefore in a vacuum as well as being infested with various Necromorphs including the Enhanced Lurkers. In a Storage Room, Isaac activates the override with his Kinesis Module then travels to Sleep Block B. He enters Block C in order to reach the override but he is attacked by a Drag Tentacle which he makes short work of. Kendra tells him that Block B has no life support so Isaac finds an override in order to unlock the door. Isaac kills a Guardian and an Enhanced Slasher in the Recreation Hall then unlocks the elevator with the Crew Key and takes it to Sleep Block A Commons. Kyne tells him that he is in the Crew Deck and wishes to speak with him in the Security Station once Isaac has gotten the three Navigation Cards. When returning to the upper floor of the Mess Hall, Isaac is contacted by Dr. An elevator takes him down to the lower level of the Mess Hall where two Dividers ambush him he retrieves the Crew Key from a container located near an immature Guardian. Mercer leaves the dead couple for infection and Isaac circles 'round and enters the room. On the other side of a glass panel, Challus Mercer has taken Engineer Jacob Temple hostage Mercer implies that he has murdered Temple's girlfriend Elizabeth Cross (whose corpse lay near them) and proceeds to impale Temple in the forehead with a metal stake. The catwalk leads to the Mess Hall which is covered with The Corruption. From here, Isaac takes an elevator up to a catwalk, where there is a text log that extensively scrutinizes the Church of Unitology - a religion based on the worship of the original Black Marker, an alien artifact discovered on Earth by Michael Altman. Some mysterious candles trail from the Tram Station to the Commons Lobby where a mass of people have seemingly died by their own hands. She says that there are three cards in various locations on the Deck but she cannot disable the necessary doorlocks from her position in the Computer Core so Isaac will need to find a Crew Key. Kendra contacts him in the Tram Docking Station to tell him that, although she has located the shuttle, someone has intentionally removed the navigation cards. Isaac's mission (as instructed by Kendra Daniels and the late Zach Hammond) is to use the Singularity Core to repair a relatively intact shuttle and escape the Necromorph-infested ship. The Hunter returns from its frozen stage and Mercer makes an appearance once again.Īfter narrowly escaping the USM Valor with its Singularity Core in Chapter 9: Dead on Arrival, Isaac Clarke takes the tram from the Cargo Hold to the Crew Deck. ![]() ![]() Isaac brings the Singularity Core to the shuttle and also meets up with Dr. ![]() ![]() Another possibility is a carbon with three bonds and a single, unpaired (free radical) electron: in this case, the carbon has a formal charge of zero. If, on the other hand, it has three bonds plus a lone pair of electrons, it will have a formal charge of -1. The next example further demonstrates how to calculate formal charges. In cases where there are positive or negative formal charges on various atoms, stable structures generally have negative formal charges on the more electronegative atoms and positive formal charges on the less electronegative atoms. Typically, the structure with the most charges on the atoms closest to zero is the more stable Lewis structure. When summed the overall charge is zero, which is consistent with the overall charge on the NH 3 molecule. In this example, the nitrogen and each hydrogen has a formal charge of zero. ![]() Adding together the formal charges should give us the overall charge on the molecule or ion. The hydrogen atoms in ammonia have the same number of electrons as neutral hydrogen atoms, and so their formal charge is also zero. Using Equation 4.4.1 to calculate the formal charge on hydrogen, we obtain:įormalcharge(H)=1 valence e −−(0 non−bonding e − + 2 bonding e −/2)=0 Each hydrogen atom in the molecule shares one pair of bonding electrons and is therefore assigned one electron. Substituting into the formula, we obtainįormalcharge(N)=5 valence e −−(2 non−bonding e − + 6 bonding e −/2)=0Ī neutral hydrogen atom has one valence electron. From its Lewis electron structure, the nitrogen atom in ammonia has one lone pair and shares three bonding pairs with hydrogen atoms, so nitrogen itself is assigned a total of five electrons. To illustrate this method, let’s calculate the formal charge on the atoms in ammonia (NH 3) whose Lewis electron structure is as follows:Ī neutral nitrogen atom has five valence electrons (it is in group 15). Bonding electrons are divided equally between the bonded atoms.įor each atom, we then compute a formal charge:įormal charge = valence e − −(free atom)(non−bonding e − + bonding e – /2). ![]() Nonbonding electrons are assigned to the atom on which they are located. ![]() To calculate formal charges, we assign electrons in the molecule to individual atoms according to these rules: A formal charge does not represent a true charge on an atom in a covalent bond but is simply used to predict the most likely structure when a compound has more than one valid Lewis structure. The formal charge is a way of computing the charge distribution within a Lewis structure the sum of the formal charges on the atoms within a molecule or an ion must equal the overall charge on the molecule or ion. In these situations, we can choose the most stable Lewis structure by considering the formal charge on the atoms, which is the difference between the number of valence electrons in the free atom and the number assigned to it in the Lewis electron structure. It is sometimes possible to write more than one Lewis structure for a substance that does not violate the octet rule, as we saw for CH 2O, but not every Lewis structure may be equally reasonable. ![]() ![]() Investors should not rely on this metric when making an investment decision and instead should refer to a fund’s prospectus and governing documents. The ITR metric is not an indication or estimate of a fund’s performance or risk. The ITR metric is not a real time estimate and may change over time, therefore it is prone to variance and may not always reflect a current estimate. However, there is no guarantee that these estimates will be reached. The ITR metric estimates a fund’s alignment with the Paris Agreement temperature goal. Where data is not available, and / or if data changes, the estimation methods vary, particularly those related to a company’s future emissions. To the extent that data becomes more readily available and more accurate over time, we expect that ITR metric methodologies will evolve and may result in different outputs. At present, availability of input data varies across asset classes and markets. There is not a universally agreed upon set of inputs for the calculation. There is not a universally accepted way to calculate an ITR. Importantly, an ITR metric may vary meaningfully across data providers for a variety of reasons due to methodological choices (e.g., differences in time horizons, the scope(s) of emissions included and portfolio aggregation calculations). ![]() Also, there are limitations with the data inputs to the model. This forward-looking metric is calculated based on a model, which is dependent upon multiple assumptions. What are the key assumptions and limitations of the ITR metric? The bands help to underscore the underlying uncertainty in the calculations and the variability of the metric. As a result, BlackRock publishes MSCI’s ITR metric for its funds in temperature range bands. A summary explanation of MSCI’s methodology and assumptions for its ITR metric can be found here.īecause the ITR metric is calculated in part by considering the potential for a company within the fund’s portfolio to reduce its emissions over time, it is forward-looking and prone to limitations. Note, only corporate issuers are covered within the calculation. If emissions in the global economy followed the same trend as the emissions of companies within the fund's portfolio, global temperatures would ultimately rise within this band. The ITR metric is calculated by looking at the current emissions intensity of companies within the fund's portfolio as well as the potential for those companies to reduce its emissions over time. A net zero emissions economy is one that balances emissions and removals. Scientific consensus suggests that reducing emissions until they reach net zero around mid-century (2050-2070) is how this goal could be met. The ITR metric is used to provide an indication of alignment to the temperature goal of the Paris Agreement for a company or a portfolio. The temperature goal of the Paris Agreement is to limit global warming to well below 2☌ above pre-industrial levels, and ideally 1.5 ☌, which will help us avoid the most severe impacts of climate change. To address climate change, many of the world's major countries have signed the Paris Agreement. What is the Implied Temperature Rise (ITR) metric? Learn what the metric means, how it is calculated, and about the assumptions and limitations for this forward-looking climate-related metric.Ĭlimate change is one of the greatest challenges in human history and will have profound implications for investors. Review the MSCI methodologies behind Sustainability Characteristics using the links below. For more information regarding the fund's investment strategy, please see the fund's prospectus. The metrics do not change the fund’s investment objective or constrain the fund’s investable universe, and there is no indication that a sustainable, impact or ESG investment strategy will be adopted by the fund. ![]() This fund does not seek to follow a sustainable, impact or ESG investment strategy. Sustainability Characteristics should not be considered solely or in isolation, but instead are one type of information that investors may wish to consider when assessing a fund. ![]() They are provided for transparency and for information purposes only. Sustainability Characteristics do not provide an indication of current or future performance nor do they represent the potential risk and reward profile of a fund. Alongside other metrics and information, these enable investors to evaluate funds on certain environmental, social and governance characteristics. Sustainability Characteristics provide investors with specific non-traditional metrics. ![]() |
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